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•The first spacecraft was a German-made V-2 rocket. Launched in June 1944 from Peenemünde, Germany (then East Prussia), the V-2 became the first spacecraft to reach 189 km in altitude. However, other flights that reached this altitude also exist. During the 1940s, various test launches were made for V-2 rockets, and some of these reached altitudes above 100 km. This altitude is considered to be a space flight by the International Aviation Federation and is known as the Karman line.
The second human spaceflight vehicle was named Freedom 7 and carried American astronaut Alan Shepard to an altitude of about 187 km during a suborbital spaceflight in 1961. Five more manned spaceflight missions were carried out using the Mercury spacecraft.
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